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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbala Karbala (Arabic: كربلاء; BGN: Al-Karbalā'; also referred to as Karbalā' al-Muqaddasah) is a city in Iraq, located about 100 km (62 mi) southwest of Baghdad. Battle of Karbala - Wahhabi sack of Karbala - Category:Karbala - Karbala Province
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Greek language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to Greek alphabet: Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history; other ... The later Greek alphabet is derived from the Phoenician alphabet (abjad); ...
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Mycenaean Greek - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek (see also: Greek alphabet) .... The use of -eus to produce agent nouns; The third person singular ending -ei; The infinitive ending -ein (contracted from -e-en) ...
enargea.org | Transliteration and Accentuation of Greek ... enargea.org/homyth/translit.html The majuscule (uncial, capital, or upper-case) letters of the ancient Greek .... Greek case-endings, Latin equivalent, Greek, Latin. -os, -us, Aiakos, Aeacus ...
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THE ART OF MEMORY FRANCIS A. YATES 1966 THREE LATIN SOURCES FOR THE CLASSICAL ART OF MEMORY Page 175 CHAPTER 8 LULLISM AS AN ART OF MEMORY THOUGH we have now reached the Renaissance, with Camillo, we have to retrace our steps to the Middle Ages during this chapter. For there was another kind of art of memory which began in the Middle Ages, which continued into the Renaissance and beyond, and which it was the aim of many in the Renaissance to combine with the classical art in some new synthesis whereby memory should reach still further heights of insight and of power. This other art of memory was the Art of Ramon Lull. Lullism and its history is a most difficult subject and one for the exploration of which the full materials have not yet been assembled; The enormous number of Lull's own writings, some of them still unpublished, the vast Lullist literature written by his followers, the extreme complexity of Lullism, make it impossible as yet to reach very definite conclusions about what is, undoubtedly.ra strand of major importance in the European tradition. And what I have to do now is to write one not very long chapter giving some idea of what the Art of Ramon Lull was like, of why it was an art of memory, of how it differs from the classical art of memory, and of how Lullism became absorbed at the Renaissance into Renaissance forms of the classical art. Obviously- I am attempting the impossible, yet the impossible must be attempted because it is essential for the later part of this book that there should be some sketch at this stage of Lullism itself. The chapter is based on my own two articles on the art of Ramon Lull:' it is orientated towards a comparison of Lullism as an art of memory with. the classical art; and it is not concerned solely with 'genuine' Lullism but also with the Renaissance interpretation of Lullism, for it is this. which is important for the next stages of our history.
Page 282 "By THE LADDER OF MINERVA we rise from the first to the last..."
ART AT R AT ART
THE ART OF MEMORY FRANCIS A. YATES 1979 THE OCCULT PHILOSOPHY IN THE ELIZABETHAN AGE Page 11 MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN CABALA: THE ART OF RAMON LULL In the illustration shown in Plate 1,1(image omitted ) four men are seen sitting under a neat row of trees, neatly labelled. In the background is a rich countryside: in the foreground a refreshing stream flows from a fountain. The illustration is taken from an engraving in the eighteenth-century edition of the works of Ramon Lull, which is based on medieval tradition of Lull illustration. The lady whose horse wades in the stream is Intelligence; severe intellectual work is going on. The men so calmly seated in these pleasant surroundings are doing the Lullian Art. hi. the lifetime of the Catalan philosopher and mystic, Ramon Lull (1232-c. 1316), the Iberian peninsula was the home of three great religious and philosophical traditions. Dominant was Christianity and the Catholic Church, but a large part of the country was still under the rule of the Moslem Arabs; and it was in Spain that the Jews of the Middle Ages had their strongest centre. In the world of Ramon Lull, the brilliant civilisation of the Spanish Moslems, with its mysticism, philosophy, art, and / Page 12 / science, was close at hand; the Spanish Jews had intensively devoloped their philosophy, their science and medicine, and mysticism, or Cabala. To Lull, the Catholic Christian, occurred the generous idea that an Art, based on principles which all three religious traditions held in common, would serve to bind all three together on a common philosophical, scientific, and mystical basis. The men under the trees in the picture represent a Gentile or pagan; a Jew; a Saracen or Moslem; and a Christian. The representatives of the three religions have been found by the Gentile doing the Lullian Art together, and striving their unity in the fountain of life or mystical truth. the scientific principle held in common by Christians, Moslem and Jews, and on which Lull based his Art, was the theory of the elements.2 It is unnecessary to enter here into the historical origins of the elemental theory which was held by scientific men in Lull's period as a universally valid assumption about nature. The theory assumed that everything in the natural world composed of four elements - earth, water, air, fire. To these corresponded the elemental qualities - cold, moist, dry,hot. These formed different compounds, or different concords and contrasts, which could be exactly classified or graded. The elemental theory had its prolongation into the world of the stars, for the seven planets and the twelve signs of the zodiac were held to have either predominantly cold, moist, dry, or hot influences. Though these elemental characteristics of the stars, and their connection with terrestrial elements, were derived from the cbings of astrology, the elemental theory was not in itself astrological, but might more properly be called an astral science. the use of the, Lullian Art as astral science can be studied in Its Tractatus de astronomia (1297) in which he works out a theory practice of astral medicine through calculating, by the Art, grading of elemental qualities. This treatise is preceded by a diatribe 'against astrology', from which Lull scholars of the past used to deduce (without reading the treatise) that Lull had / Page 13 / discarded the astrological world view. Careful reading of the treatise reveals that it describes an astral medicine, based on belief in elemental qualities in the seven planets and the twelve .signs, and their connection with terrestrial elements. This is a scientific use of a universally held theory of astral correspondences. It is not astrology in the sense of horoscope-making with lis assumption of astrological determinism which Lull is 'against'. In fact it is a kind of scientific escape from such determinism. In almost exactly the same way, two hundred years later, Pico della Mirandola was to pronounce himself 'against astrology',3 meaning that he was against astrological determinism whilst accepting those astral correspondences which underlie 'Renaissance Neoplatonism' as he and Ficino understood it. The religious principle upon which Lull based his Art which was held by all three religious traditions, was the importance which Christian, Moslem, and Jew attached to the Divine Names or: Attributes. The Attributes, or, as Lull prefers to call them, the Dignities of God on which the Art is based are Bonitos (Goodness), Magnitudo (Greatness), Etenitas (Eternity), Potestas (Power), Sapienta (Wisdom), Voluntas (Will), Virtus (Virtue or Strength), Veritas (Truth), Gloria (Glory). Religious Moslems, Jews, Christians, would all agree that God is good, great, eternal, powerful, wise, and so on. These Divine Dignities or Names, combined with elemental theory, gave Lull what he believed to be a universal religious and scientific basis for an Art so infallible that it could work on all levels of creation. And further - and this was its chief importance in Lull's eyes - it was an Art which could prove the truth of the Christian Trinity to Moslems and Jews. An extraordinary feature of Lullism is that it assigns a letter notation to notions so exalted and abstract as the names, attributes, or dignities of God. The series of nine dignities, Bonitas,Magnitudo, and so on, listed above, become in the Art the nine letterss BCDEFGHIK; the unmentioned A is the ineffable absolute. These letters Lull places on revolving concentric wheels, thus / Page 14 / obtaining all possible combinations of them. And since the Goodness, Greatness, and so on of God are manifest on all levels of creation, he can ascend and descend with the figures of the Art throughout the universe, finding B to K and their relationships on every level. He finds them in the supercelestial sphere, on the level of the angels; in the celestial sphere, on the level of the stars; in man, on the human level; and below man, in animals, plants, and all the material creation. On these levels, the elemental theory comes into play; ABCD as the four elements works in conjunction with BCDEFGHIK. This relationship continues right up the ladder of creation to the stars, since there are forms of the elements in the stars. Above the stars, in the angelic sphere, the system is purified of all materiality; there are no contrasts and contraries as in the lower spheres; at this height all the contraries coincide, and the whole Art is seen to converge in proof that the highest divine essence is a Three. This bald outline, though it may give some idea of the Art, is highly misleading in its simplicity. For the Art in its workings is immensely complex. It may have forms based on more than nine dignities. Its combinations of letter-notations almost suggest a kind of algebra. There is a kind of geometry involved, for the Art uses three figures, the triangle, the circle, and the square. The artist in moving up and down the levels of creation applies these figures on each level. The geometry is symbolical; the triangle symbolises the divine; the circle stands for the heavens (by which Lull always means the seven planets and the twelve signs of the zodiac); the square symbolises the four elements. The Aristotelian categories play a part in the Art which is said to work by a 'natural' logic, but the dominant philosophy is a kind of Platonism. Lull belongs into the tradition of medieval Christian Platonism, based primarily on Augustine; the Lullian dignities' can nearly all be found listed as divine attributes in Augustine's works. Like all medieval Platonists, Lull is also strongly influenced by the work on the celestial hierarchies of / Page 15 / angels by Pseudo-Dionysius. The nearest parallel to his association of dignities or attributes with the elements is to be found in the De divisione naturae of the early Christian Platonist, John Scotus Erigena.4 Lull's dignities have the creative capacity of Scotus's primordial causes. Moslem forms of Platonic, or Neo-platonic, mysticism had also reached him. Yet perhaps the strongest influence on the formation of the Art was that of the Jewish Cabala. It was in medieval Spain that Cabala reached a high point of development,5 and that climax coincides with the appearance of Lullism. The Zohar was written in Spain in about 1275. It was in 1274 that Lull had the vision on Mount Randa in which the two primary figures of the Art were revealed to him. There are mmy points of contact or resemblance between Cabalism and Lullism. Spanish Cabala has as its bases the doctrine of the ten Sephiroth and the doctrine of the twenty-two letters of the Hebrew alphabet. The Sephiroth, as defined by G. Scholem, are 'the ten names most common to God and in their entirety they form his one great Name'.6 The Sephiroth derive from the nameless "en-soph'; their names are Gloria, Sapientia, Veritas, Bonitas, Potestas, Virtus, Eternitus, Splendor, Fundamentum. The parallel with the nine Lullian Dignitates Dei derived from a nameless A is striking. The twenty-two letters of the Hebrew alphabet also contain, for the Cabalist, the Name or Names, of God. They are the creative language of God and in contemplating them the Cabalist is contemplating both God himself and his creation. The thirteenth-century Spanish Jew, Abraham Abulafia.7 developed a complex technique of meditation through combining Hebrew letters in endless series of permutations and combinations. Thus the two salient characteristics of the Lullian Art, its basis in the Names or Dignities, and its techniques of letter combinations, are both, also characteristics of Cabala. Yet there are profound differences, above all the basic fact that the Names in / Page 16 / Cabala are in Hebrew, the letters which it combines are Hebrew letters; in the Lullian Art the Names are in Latin and the letters it combines are the ordinary letters of the Latin alphabet. Lullism may be said to be a Cabalist type of method but used without Hebrew. It is thus debarred from those insights into the linguistic mysteries which the Cabalist believed to be hidden in the Hebrew Scriptures. Nevertheless, if it is possible to speak of a Christian Cabalist method used without Hebrew, then it may be claimed that Lullism is the medieval form of Christian Cabala.8 Certainly it is like later Christian Cabala in its missionary aim, its aim of proving the Trinity to Moslems and Jews and thereby converting them to Christianity. The rigorous method of the Lullian Art is deployed against a background suffused in poetic and romantic charm, the world of medieval Spain. The Lullian hermit wanders through allegorical forests,9 the trees of which symbolise all the subjects of the Art, neatly categorised and arranged for the Lullist to use in his operations. These operations have not only scientific but also moral value through the use of analogy and allegory which permeates the Art. Thus the concords and contrasts of the elements are allegorised on the 'moral' trees of the Art as concords and contrasts between virtues and vices. The Lullian artist as Lull saw him had not only mastered a universal science; he had learned an ethical and contemplative method through which he might mount on the ladder of creation to the highest heights. Not only that, he was also a poet singing mystical love songs with all the charm of a troubadour; and a knight instructed in astral science and ethics in relation to the code of chivalry.10 As the inventor of a method which was to have an immense influence throughout Europe for centuries, Lull is an extremely important figure. Lullism is a precursor of scientific method. Lullian astral medicine developed into Pseudo-Lullian alchemy. Page 17 The great figures of Renaissance Neoplatonism include Lullism in their interests, and naturally so since Lullism was the precursor of their ways of thinking. And from the point of view of history of religion and of religous toleration, surely we admire Lull's vision in taking advtage of the unique concentration of Christian, Moslem, Jewish traditions in his world for putting forward a common ground between them in an Art, which, though it envisaged conversion rather than toleration, was certainly, in its at understanding, vastly superior to the methods to be used later in Spain for the establishment of religious unity. The glorious reign of Ferdinand and Isabella (1474-1504) saw the union of the kingdoms of Aragon and Castile through their marriage, and the rapid advance in power of the unified kingdom through their energetic government. Determined on establishing total religious unity within the Iberian peninsula, the two Catholic sovereigns initiated the war against the Moors which ended triumphantly with the conquest of Granada in 1492. In the same year, 1492, the Jews were expelled from Spain; in 1505 the conquered Moors were also expelled. Thus two whole populations, embodying two great civilisations, were adrift from their homeland to wander as exiles. Through the tightening up of the Inquisition in Spain, particularly severe againstt Jews and Moors, return to what had been their native for so many centuries was impossible. Spain, like France the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, became and remained 'toute Catholique'. Thus, as so often, Europe took a wrong turning and wasted the spiritual resources which might have been used constructiveIy. For of all the countries of Europe, Spain was the best placed for making a liberal approach to the three great closely related religions. Ramon Lull had realised this in his peculiar way .men he strove to construct a method based on Divine Names and elemental theory. Though, for him, the Art was not a / Page 18 / construction but a revelation from on high shown to him in the vision on Mount Randa. The old view of the origins of the so-called Renaissance held that the the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453 was a startingpoint. Recent generations of scholars have weakened that view, through exploration of many other influences and particularly through demonstrating the importance of surviving medieval traditions in the so-called Renaissance. Yet there remains a good deal to be said for the old view, for, after all, it was the Greek refugees from Byzantium who spread the knowledge of Greek in Europe; and it was from Byzantium that the Greek manuscripts of works of Plato and the Neoplatonists, and of 'Hermes 'Iris megistus' and other prisci theologi, reached Florence to form that rich and confused strain of 'Renaissance Neoplatonism' with its Hermetic core which we associate with Marsilio Ficino. Another date which has not been so much stressed but which is equally, perhaps more, important, is 1492, the date of the expulsion of the Jews from Spain. Many of them went to Italy and spread there a new interest in the Hebrew language and an enthusiasm for the Jewish mystical tradition, or Cabala. This came to the mystically-minded as a new insight into the meaning of Christianity. Christian Cabala was founded by Ficino's friend and associate Pico della Mirandola. It was in 1486 that Pico went to Rome with his nine hundred theses, prominent among which were the Cabalist theses. The Cabalist theses were fundamental for Pico' s great aim of the concordance of all religious philosophies. Pico' s advocacy of Christian Cabala marked a turning-point in the history of the Judaeo-Christian tradition in its modern form. It came at the same time as one of its darkest tragedies. It was in the years immediately before the Expulsion, when the persecutions of the Jews in Spain were mounting in intensity, that Pico della Mirandola adopted Christian Cabala into the Italian Renaissance.
TRIANGLE 5 TRIANGLE CIRCLE 5 CIRCLE SQUARE 9 SQUARE
THE ART OF MEMORY FRANCIS A. YATES 1979 THE OCCULT PHILOSOPHY IN THE ELIZABETHAN AGE Page 11 MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN CABALA: THE ART OF RAMON LULL Page 13 An extraordinary feature of Lullism is that it assigns a letter notation to notions so exalted and abstract as the names, attributes, or dignities of God. The series of nine dignities, Bonitas,Magnitudo, and so on, listed above, become in the Art the nine letterss BCDEFGHIK; the unmentioned A is the ineffable absolute. These letters Lull places on revolving concentric wheels, thus / Page 74 / obtaining all possible combinations of them. And since the Goodness, Greatness, and so on of God are manifest on all levels of creation, he can ascend and descend with the figures of the Art throughout the universe, finding B to K and their relationships on every level. He finds them in the supercelestial sphere, on the level of the angels; in the celestial sphere, on the level of the stars; in man, on the human level; and below man, in animals, plants, and all the material creation. On these levels, the elemental theory comes into play; ABCD as the four elements works in conjunction with BCDEFGHIK. This relationship continues right up the ladder of creation to the stars, since there are forms of the elements in the stars. Above the stars, in the angelic sphere, the system is purified of all materiality; there are no contrasts and contraries as in the lower spheres; at this height all the contraries coincide, and the whole Art is seen to converge in proof that the highest divine essence is a Three.
Page 13 On these levels, the elemental theory comes into play; ABCD as the four elements works in conjunction with BCDEFGHIK. This relationship continues right up the ladder of creation to the stars, since there are forms of the elements in the stars. Above the stars, in the angelic sphere, the system is purified of all materiality; there are no contrasts and contraries as in the lower spheres; at this height all the contraries coincide, and the whole Art is seen to converge in proof that the highest divine essence is a Three.
Page 13 On these levels, the elemental theory comes into play; 1234 as the four elements works in conjunction with 234567892. This relationship continues right up the ladder of creation to the stars, since there are forms of the elements in the stars. Above the stars, in the angelic sphere, the system is purified of all materiality; there are no contrasts and contraries as in the lower spheres; at this height all the contraries coincide, and the whole Art is seen to converge in proof that the highest divine essence is a Three.
ABCD 1234 ABCD BCDEFGHIK 234567892 BCDEFGHIK
THREES 3 THREES
LULL 3333 LULL
THE ART OF MEMORY FRANCIS A. YATES 1979 THE OCCULT PHILOSOPHY IN THE ELIZABETHAN AGE Page 136 Page 135 (number omitted) "No study of Shakespeare can begin without some reference to Marlowe, the predecessor, and his mighty line." "Marlowe's famous play, Docter Faustus is closely based on the English translation of the German Faust-Buch (1587)" "Page 139 He turns to ask / Page 140 / Mephistopheles about divine astrology, about the elements, and the spheres of the planets. He still has scholarly instincts, and can hear echoes of the universal harmony, although damned. Awaiting damnation he calls on Christ, and there comes the famous line " See see where Christs bloud streames in the firmament.11"
SEE SEE WHERE CHRISTS BLOUD STREAMES IN THE FIRMAMENT 155 155 58595 3899121 23634 12951451 95 285 699414552 IS 9 IS 9 IS 9 IS 155 155 58595 3899121 23634 12951451 95 285 699414552 SEE SEE WHERE CHRISTS BLOUD STREAMES IN THE FIRMAMENT
ZOHAR 5 ZOHAR 5 ZOHAR 5 ZOHAR
SEPHIROTH 1 SEPHIROTH PHI'S OTHER NAME OTHER PHI'S SEPHIROTH 1 SEPHIROTH
SEPHIROTH 1 SEPHIROTH PHI'S OTHER CIRCLE OTHER PHI'S SEPHIROTH 1 SEPHIROTH
SEPHIROTH 1 SEPHIROTH PHI OTHERS 789 OTHERS PHI SEPHIROTH 1 SEPHIROTH
Hebrew alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet The Hebrew alphabet (Hebrew: אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי, Alephbet 'Ivri), known variously by scholars as the Jewish script, square script, block script, or more ... Paleo-Hebrew alphabet - History of the Hebrew alphabet
THE ALPHABET OF BIBLICAL HEBREW
MOON SOL SOLOMON IS IS SOLOMON SOL MOON SOLOMON SOL MOON IS IS MOON SOL SOLOMON MOON SOL SOLOMON IS IS SOLOMON SOL MOON
HEART EARTH TERAH THERA THE RA IS IS RA THE THERA TERAH EARTH HEART EARTH THE R THE EARTH HEART THE R THE HEART TERAH THE R THE TERAH THERA THE R THE THERA THE RA IS IS RA THE HEART EARTH TERAH THERA
ISRAEL IS RA EL EL IS RA ISRAEL RA EL IS IS EL RA IS REAL REAL IS RA EL IS IS EL RA ISRAEL IS RA EL EL IS RA ISRAEL
IS RA REAL IS IS REAL RA IS
WISE W IS E WISE W IS E WISE W IS E WISE
WISE W IS E WISE 5 IS 5 WISE W IS E WISE
LUCIFER L U C FIRE IS IS FIRE LUC LUCIFER LUCFIRE IS IS LUCFIRE GODS NAME RE IS IS RE NAME GODS GODS NAME EL IS IS EL NAME GODS SEE L FIRE IS IS FIRE EL SEE U C L FIRE LUCIFER IS IS LUCIFER FIRE UCL GODS NAME RE IS IS RE NAME GODS GODS NAME 95 IS IS 95 NAME GODS GODS NAME RE IS IS RE NAME GODS GOD GAVE NOAH THE RAINBOW SIGN NO MORE WATER FIRE NEXT TIME
1234 5 6789 ONE TWO THREE FOUR 5FIVE5 SIX SEVEN EIGHT NINE 1234 5 6789
THAT THAT THAT IS THAT SEE SAW SEE IS 5 IS SEE SAW SEE
C HERE IS THE CHRISTOS HERE IS THE CHRISTOS C SO C RISH 999 RISH C SO C HERE IS THE CHRISTOS HERE IS THE CHRISTOS C
CREATION C RE ACTION RE C CREATION REACTORS CREATORS REACTORS
ATUM 1234 ATUM GOD IS GREAT IS GREAT IS GOD
The Death Of Forever A New Future for Human Consciousness Darryl Reanney (1995 Edition) Page 219 (It was this indeterminate character of quantum mechanics that caused Einstein to complain that God 'did not play dice with the world'.)
QUANTUM ATUM QUANTUM ATUM QUANTUM ATUM QUANTUM ATUM QUANTUM ATUM QUANTUM
The Magic Mountain Page 511 / 512 "The learner must be of dauntless courage and athirst for knowledge, to speak in the style of our theme. The grave, the sepulchre, has always been the emblem of initiation into the society. The neophyte coveting admission to the mysteries must always preserve undaunted courage in the face of their terrors; it is the purpose of the order that he should be tested in them ,led down into and made to linger among them,and later fetched up from them by the hand of an unknown Brother. Hence the winding passages, the dark vaults , through which the novice is made to wander; the black cloth with which the Hall of Strict Observance was hung , the cult of the sarcophagus , which played so important a role in the ceremonial of meetings and initia-tions. The path of mysteries and purification was encompassed by /dangers, it led through the pangs of death , through the kingdom of dissolution; and the learner, the neophyte, is youth itself, thirsting after the miracles of life, clamouring to be quickened to a demonic capacity of experience, and led by shrouded forms which are the shadowing forth of the mystery."
The Magic Mountain "The Making Of" Page726 / 727 "…in the course of his experiences, overcomes his inborn attraction to death and arrives at an
understanding of a humanity that does not, indeed, rationalistically ignore death , nor scorn the dark mysterious side of life, but takes account of it, without letting it get control over his mind. Page 727 " "... The Quester legend " "The Quester of the Grail Legend, at the beginning of his wanderings, is often called a fool, a great fool, a guileless fool." Page728 "The seeker of the Grail, before he arrives at the Sacred Castle, has to undergo various frightful and mysterious ordeals in a wayside chapel called the Atre Perilleux. Probably these ordeals were originally rites of initiation, conditions of the permission to approach the esoteric mystery; the idea of knowledge, wisdom, is always bound up with the 'other world,' with night and death." "In The Magic Mountain there is a great deal said of an alche-mistic, hermetic pedagogy, of Page728 "...-who voluntarily, all too voluntarily embraces disease and death, because its very first contact with them gives promise of extraordinary enlightenment and adventurous advancement, bound up, of course, with correspondingly great risks." Page 728/9 "And perhaps you will find out what the Grail is; the knowledge and the wisdom, the consecration the highest reward, for which not only the foolish hero but the book itself is seeking." Page 729 "It is the idea of the human being, the conception of a future humanity that has passed through and survived the profoundest knowledge of disease and death. The Grail is a mystery, but humanity is a mystery too. For man himself is a mystery, and all humanity rest upon reverence before the mystery that is man."
Thomas Wolfe 1900-1938 "The life of a book can be as mysterious and wonderful as the life of a man. Its destiny, like that of man, is often 'touched by that dark miracle of chance which makes new magic in a dusty world."
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English 1974 Edition. 'Exoteric Of doctrines modes of speech, of disciples not admitted to esoteric teaching; commonplace, ordinary, popular;...'
"The Making Of " The Magic Mountain Page711 "These were the moments when the "Seven Sleeper" not knowing what had happened was slowly stirring himself..." Page713 "And we are shrinking shadows by the way side shamed by the security of our shadowdom,"
SRI KRISHNA RISHI KRISHNA SRI KRSNA RISHI KRSNA SHRI KRISHNA RISHI KRISHNA SHRI
LIGHT LOVE LIFE LOVE LIGHT
ADDED TO ALL MINUS NONE SHARED BY EVERYTHING MULTIPLIED IN ABUNDANCE
THE SEE INNER SINNER INNER SEE THE SEE HEAR SEER HEAR SEE GODS I ME I GODS LOVE EVOLVE EVOLVE LOVE
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The Death Of Forever A New Future for Human Consciousness Darryl Reanney (1995 Edition) Page 33 "The laws of physics have no inbuilt time asymmetery.They work just as well in the future-to-past sense as the past-to-future sense. We see this clearly when we look at the quantum wave .The wave is a ripple of possibility, not a real thing It has neither past nor future; it can be described as travelling forwards in time and backward in time with equal validity. This is true not just of the quantum wave. Subatomic particles exhibit the same disregard for time. "
QUANTUM ATOM ATUM ATOM QUANTUM I HAVE COME HAVE COME HAVE I SO IRIS ISIS OSIRIS IS IS OSIRIS ISIS IRIS SO SO THIS SIRIUS THIS SO OR ION ORION ION OR THE HOURS OF HORUS THE HORUS OF HOURS R ARRIVED ARRIVED R
GODS AND SPACEMEN IN THE ANCIENT EAST W. Raymond Drake 1968 New evidence on the unexplained mysteries of civilization in the ancient East Page 124 "it is said that in the ancient Egyptian language OS-IRIDE meant 'mouth of the iris'168 or 'the voice of the light..."
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THE EASTER FESTIVAL GOOD FRIDAY 10TH OF THE 4TH 2009 SATURDAY 11TH OF THE 4TH 2008 SUNDAY 12TH OF THE 4TH 2009 MONDAY 13TH OF THE 4TH 2009 HALLELUJAH
JUST SIX NUMBERS Martin Rees 1 OUR COSMIC HABITAT PLANETS STARS AND LIFE Page 24 A proton is 1,836 times heavier than an electron, and the number 1,836 would have the same connotations to any 'intelligence'
The Abbe Sieyes author of the pamphlet What is the third estate? intrigued with Napoleon Bonaparte and became a Consul of the French Republic.
Qu'est-ce que le tiers état? ( What is the third estate? ). The Abbé Sieyès "... it was in Paris that he spent his last days in 1836."
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THE ART OF MEMORY FRANCIS A. YATES 1979 THE OCCULT PHILOSOPHY IN THE ELIZABETHAN AGE Page 13 MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN CABALA: THE ART OF RAMON LULL The religious principle upon which Lull based his Art which was held by all three religious traditions, was the importance which Christian, Moslem, and Jew attached to the Divine Names or: Attributes. The Attributes, or, as Lull prefers to call them, the Dignities of God on which the Art is based are Bonitos (Goodness), Magnitudo (Greatness), Etenitas (Eternity), Potestas (Power), Sapienta (Wisdom), Voluntas (Will), Virtus (Virtue or Strength), Veritas (Truth), Gloria (Glory). Religious Moslems, Jews, Christians, would all agree that God is good, great, eternal, powerful, wise, and so on. These Divine Dignities or Names, combined with elemental theory, gave Lull what he believed to be a universal religious and scientific basis for an Art so infallible that it could work on all levels of creation. And further - and this was its chief importance in Lull's eyes - it was an Art which could prove the truth of the Christian Trinity to Moslems and Jews.
THE ART OF MEMORY FRANCIS A. YATES 1979 THE OCCULT PHILOSOPHY IN THE ELIZABETHAN AGE Page 11 MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN CABALA: THE ART OF RAMON LULL In the illustration shown in Plate 1,1(image omitted ) four men are seen sitting under a neat row of trees, neatly labelled. In the background is a rich countryside: in the foreground a refreshing stream flows from a fountain. The illustration is taken from an engraving in the eighteenth-century edition of the works of Ramon Lull, which is based on medieval tradition of Lull illustration. The lady whose horse wades in the stream is Intelligence; severe intellectual work is going on. The men so calmly seated in these pleasant surroundings are doing the Lullian Art. hi. the lifetime of the Catalan philosopher and mystic, Ramon Lull (1232-c. 1316), the Iberian peninsula was the home of three great religious and philosophical traditions. Dominant was Christianity and the Catholic Church, but a large part of the country was still under the rule of the Moslem Arabs; and it was in Spain that the Jews of the Middle Ages had their strongest centre. In the world of Ramon Lull, the brilliant civilisation of the Spanish Moslems, with its mysticism, philosophy, art, and / Page 12 / science, was close at hand; the Spanish Jews had intensively devoloped their philosophy, their science and medicine, and mysticism, or Cabala. To Lull, the Catholic Christian, occurred the generous idea that an Art, based on principles which all three religious traditions held in common, would serve to bind all three together on a common philosophical, scientific, and mystical basis. The men under the trees in the picture represent a Gentile or pagan; a Jew; a Saracen or Moslem; and a Christian. The representatives of the three religions have been found by the Gentile doing the Lullian Art together, and striving their unity in the fountain of life or mystical truth. the scientific principle held in common by Christians, Moslem and Jews, and on which Lull based his Art, was the theory of the elements.2 It is unnecessary to enter here into the historical origins of the elemental theory which was held by scientific men in Lull's period as a universally valid assumption about nature. The theory assumed that everything in the natural world composed of four elements - earth, water, air, fire. To these corresponded the elemental qualities - cold, moist, dry,hot. These formed different compounds, or different concords and contrasts, which could be exactly classified or graded. The elemental theory had its prolongation into the world of the stars, for the seven planets and the twelve signs of the zodiac were held to have either predominantly cold, moist, dry, or hot influences. Though these elemental characteristics of the stars, and their connection with terrestrial elements, were derived from the cbings of astrology, the elemental theory was not in itself astrological, but might more properly be called an astral science. the use of the, Lullian Art as astral science can be studied in Its Tractatus de astronomia (1297) in which he works out a theory practice of astral medicine through calculating, by the Art, grading of elemental qualities. This treatise is preceded by a diatribe 'against astrology', from which Lull scholars of the past used to deduce (without reading the treatise) that Lull had / Page 13 / discarded the astrological world view. Careful reading of the treatise reveals that it describes an astral medicine, based on belief in elemental qualities in the seven planets and the twelve .signs, and their connection with terrestrial elements. This is a scientific use of a universally held theory of astral correspondences. It is not astrology in the sense of horoscope-making with lis assumption of astrological determinism which Lull is 'against'. In fact it is a kind of scientific escape from such determinism. In almost exactly the same way, two hundred years later, Pico della Mirandola was to pronounce himself 'against astrology',3 meaning that he was against astrological determinism whilst accepting those astral correspondences which underlie 'Renaissance Neoplatonism' as he and Ficino understood it. The religious principle upon which Lull based his Art which was held by all three religious traditions, was the importance which Christian, Moslem, and Jew attached to the Divine Names or: Attributes. The Attributes, or, as Lull prefers to call them, the Dignities of God on which the Art is based are Bonitos (Goodness), Magnitudo (Greatness), Etenitas (Eternity), Potestas (Power), Sapienta (Wisdom), Voluntas (Will), Virtus (Virtue or Strength), Veritas (Truth), Gloria (Glory). Religious Moslems, Jews, Christians, would all agree that God is good, great, eternal, powerful, wise, and so on. These Divine Dignities or Names, combined with elemental theory, gave Lull what he believed to be a universal religious and scientific basis for an Art so infallible that it could work on all levels of creation. And further - and this was its chief importance in Lull's eyes - it was an Art which could prove the truth of the Christian Trinity to Moslems and Jews. An extraordinary feature of Lullism is that it assigns a letter notation to notions so exalted and abstract as the names, attributes, or dignities of God. The series of nine dignities, Bonitas,Magnitudo, and so on, listed above, become in the Art the nine letterss BCDEFGHIK; the unmentioned A is the ineffable absolute. These letters Lull places on revolving concentric wheels, thus / Page 14 / obtaining all possible combinations of them. And since the Goodness, Greatness, and so on of God are manifest on all levels of creation, he can ascend and descend with the figures of the Art throughout the universe, finding B to K and their relationships on every level. He finds them in the supercelestial sphere, on the level of the angels; in the celestial sphere, on the level of the stars; in man, on the human level; and below man, in animals, plants, and all the material creation. On these levels, the elemental theory comes into play; ABCD as the four elements works in conjunction with BCDEFGHIK. This relationship continues right up the ladder of creation to the stars, since there are forms of the elements in the stars. Above the stars, in the angelic sphere, the system is purified of all materiality; there are no contrasts and contraries as in the lower spheres; at this height all the contraries coincide, and the whole Art is seen to converge in proof that the highest divine essence is a Three. This bald outline, though it may give some idea of the Art, is highly misleading in its simplicity. For the Art in its workings is immensely complex. It may have forms based on more than nine dignities. Its combinations of letter-notations almost suggest a kind of algebra. There is a kind of geometry involved, for the Art uses three figures, the triangle, the circle, and the square. The artist in moving up and down the levels of creation applies these figures on each level. The geometry is symbolical; the triangle symbolises the divine; the circle stands for the heavens (by which Lull always means the seven planets and the twelve signs of the zodiac); the square symbolises the four elements. The Aristotelian categories play a part in the Art which is said to work by a 'natural' logic, but the dominant philosophy is a kind of Platonism. Lull belongs into the tradition of medieval Christian Platonism, based primarily on Augustine; the Lullian dignities' can nearly all be found listed as divine attributes in Augustine's works. Like all medieval Platonists, Lull is also strongly influenced by the work on the celestial hierarchies of / Page 15 / angels by Pseudo-Dionysius. The nearest parallel to his association of dignities or attributes with the elements is to be found in the De divisione naturae of the early Christian Platonist, John Scotus Erigena.4 Lull's dignities have the creative capacity of Scotus's primordial causes. Moslem forms of Platonic, or Neo-platonic, mysticism had also reached him. Yet perhaps the strongest influence on the formation of the Art was that of the Jewish Cabala. It was in medieval Spain that Cabala reached a high point of development,5 and that climax coincides with the appearance of Lullism. The Zohar was written in Spain in about 1275. It was in 1274 that Lull had the vision on Mount Randa in which the two primary figures of the Art were revealed to him. There are mmy points of contact or resemblance between Cabalism and Lullism. Spanish Cabala has as its bases the doctrine of the ten Sephiroth and the doctrine of the twenty-two letters of the Hebrew alphabet. The Sephiroth, as defined by G. Scholem, are 'the ten names most common to God and in their entirety they form his one great Name'.6 The Sephiroth derive from the nameless "en-soph'; their names are Gloria, Sapientia, Veritas, Bonitas, Potestas, Virtus, Eternitus, Splendor, Fundamentum. The parallel with the nine Lullian Dignitates Dei derived from a nameless A is striking. The twenty-two letters of the Hebrew alphabet also contain, for the Cabalist, the Name or Names, of God. They are the creative language of God and in contemplating them the Cabalist is contemplating both God himself and his creation. The thirteenth-century Spanish Jew, Abraham Abulafia.7 developed a complex technique of meditation through combining Hebrew letters in endless series of permutations and combinations. Thus the two salient characteristics of the Lullian Art, its basis in the Names or Dignities, and its techniques of letter combinations, are both, also characteristics of Cabala. Yet there are profound differences, above all the basic fact that the Names in / Page 16 / Cabala are in Hebrew, the letters which it combines are Hebrew letters; in the Lullian Art the Names are in Latin and the letters it combines are the ordinary letters of the Latin alphabet. Lullism may be said to be a Cabalist type of method but used without Hebrew. It is thus debarred from those insights into the linguistic mysteries which the Cabalist believed to be hidden in the Hebrew Scriptures. Nevertheless, if it is possible to speak of a Christian Cabalist method used without Hebrew, then it may be claimed that Lullism is the medieval form of Christian Cabala.8 Certainly it is like later Christian Cabala in its missionary aim, its aim of proving the Trinity to Moslems and Jews and thereby converting them to Christianity. The rigorous method of the Lullian Art is deployed against a background suffused in poetic and romantic charm, the world of medieval Spain. The Lullian hermit wanders through allegorical forests,9 the trees of which symbolise all the subjects of the Art, neatly categorised and arranged for the Lullist to use in his operations. These operations have not only scientific but also moral value through the use of analogy and allegory which permeates the Art. Thus the concords and contrasts of the elements are allegorised on the 'moral' trees of the Art as concords and contrasts between virtues and vices. The Lullian artist as Lull saw him had not only mastered a universal science; he had learned an ethical and contemplative method through which he might mount on the ladder of creation to the highest heights. Not only that, he was also a poet singing mystical love songs with all the charm of a troubadour; and a knight instructed in astral science and ethics in relation to the code of chivalry.10 As the inventor of a method which was to have an immense influence throughout Europe for centuries, Lull is an extremely important figure. Lullism is a precursor of scientific method. Lullian astral medicine developed into Pseudo-Lullian alchemy. Page 17 The great figures of Renaissance Neoplatonism include Lullism in their interests, and naturally so since Lullism was the precursor of their ways of thinking. And from the point of view of history of religion and of religous toleration, surely we admire Lull's vision in taking advtage of the unique concentration of Christian, Moslem, Jewish traditions in his world for putting forward a common ground between them in an Art, which, though it envisaged conversion rather than toleration, was certainly, in its at understanding, vastly superior to the methods to be used later in Spain for the establishment of religious unity. The glorious reign of Ferdinand and Isabella (1474-1504) saw the union of the kingdoms of Aragon and Castile through their marriage, and the rapid advance in power of the unified kingdom through their energetic government. Determined on establishing total religious unity within the Iberian peninsula, the two Catholic sovereigns initiated the war against the Moors which ended triumphantly with the conquest of Granada in 1492. In the same year, 1492, the Jews were expelled from Spain; in 1505 the conquered Moors were also expelled. Thus two whole populations, embodying two great civilisations, were adrift from their homeland to wander as exiles. Through the tightening up of the Inquisition in Spain, particularly severe againstt Jews and Moors, return to what had been their native for so many centuries was impossible. Spain, like France the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, became and remained 'toute Catholique'. Thus, as so often, Europe took a wrong turning and wasted the spiritual resources which might have been used constructiveIy. For of all the countries of Europe, Spain was the best placed for making a liberal approach to the three great closely related religions. Ramon Lull had realised this in his peculiar way .men he strove to construct a method based on Divine Names and elemental theory. Though, for him, the Art was not a / Page 18 / construction but a revelation from on high shown to him in the vision on Mount Randa. The old view of the origins of the so-called Renaissance held that the the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453 was a startingpoint. Recent generations of scholars have weakened that view, through exploration of many other influences and particularly through demonstrating the importance of surviving medieval traditions in the so-called Renaissance. Yet there remains a good deal to be said for the old view, for, after all, it was the Greek refugees from Byzantium who spread the knowledge of Greek in Europe; and it was from Byzantium that the Greek manuscripts of works of Plato and the Neoplatonists, and of 'Hermes 'Iris megistus' and other prisci theologi, reached Florence to form that rich and confused strain of 'Renaissance Neoplatonism' with its Hermetic core which we associate with Marsilio Ficino. Another date which has not been so much stressed but which is equally, perhaps more, important, is 1492, the date of the expulsion of the Jews from Spain. Many of them went to Italy and spread there a new interest in the Hebrew language and an enthusiasm for the Jewish mystical tradition, or Cabala. This came to the mystically-minded as a new insight into the meaning of Christianity. Christian Cabala was founded by Ficino's friend and associate Pico della Mirandola. It was in 1486 that Pico went to Rome with his nine hundred theses, prominent among which were the Cabalist theses. The Cabalist theses were fundamental for Pico' s great aim of the concordance of all religious philosophies. Pico' s advocacy of Christian Cabala marked a turning-point in the history of the Judaeo-Christian tradition in its modern form. It came at the same time as one of its darkest tragedies. It was in the years immediately before the Expulsion, when the persecutions of the Jews in Spain were mounting in intensity, that Pico della Mirandola adopted Christian Cabala into the Italian Renaissance.
TRIANGLE 5 TRIANGLE CIRCLE 5 CIRCLE SQUARE 9 SQUARE
THE ART OF MEMORY FRANCIS A. YATES 1979 THE OCCULT PHILOSOPHY IN THE ELIZABETHAN AGE Page 11 MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN CABALA: THE ART OF RAMON LULL Page 13 An extraordinary feature of Lullism is that it assigns a letter notation to notions so exalted and abstract as the names, attributes, or dignities of God. The series of nine dignities, Bonitas,Magnitudo, and so on, listed above, become in the Art the nine letterss BCDEFGHIK; the unmentioned A is the ineffable absolute. These letters Lull places on revolving concentric wheels, thus / Page 74 / obtaining all possible combinations of them. And since the Goodness, Greatness, and so on of God are manifest on all levels of creation, he can ascend and descend with the figures of the Art throughout the universe, finding B to K and their relationships on every level. He finds them in the supercelestial sphere, on the level of the angels; in the celestial sphere, on the level of the stars; in man, on the human level; and below man, in animals, plants, and all the material creation. On these levels, the elemental theory comes into play; ABCD as the four elements works in conjunction with BCDEFGHIK. This relationship continues right up the ladder of creation to the stars, since there are forms of the elements in the stars. Above the stars, in the angelic sphere, the system is purified of all materiality; there are no contrasts and contraries as in the lower spheres; at this height all the contraries coincide, and the whole Art is seen to converge in proof that the highest divine essence is a Three.
Page 13 On these levels, the elemental theory comes into play; ABCD as the four elements works in conjunction with BCDEFGHIK. This relationship continues right up the ladder of creation to the stars, since there are forms of the elements in the stars. Above the stars, in the angelic sphere, the system is purified of all materiality; there are no contrasts and contraries as in the lower spheres; at this height all the contraries coincide, and the whole Art is seen to converge in proof that the highest divine essence is a Three.
Page 13 On these levels, the elemental theory comes into play; 1234 as the four elements works in conjunction with 234567892. This relationship continues right up the ladder of creation to the stars, since there are forms of the elements in the stars. Above the stars, in the angelic sphere, the system is purified of all materiality; there are no contrasts and contraries as in the lower spheres; at this height all the contraries coincide, and the whole Art is seen to converge in proof that the highest divine essence is a Three.
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THE ART OF MEMORY FRANCIS A. YATES 1979 THE OCCULT PHILOSOPHY IN THE ELIZABETHAN AGE Page 135 (number omitted) "No study of Shakespeare can begin without some reference to Marlowe, the predecessor, and his mighty line." "Marlowe's famous play, Docter Faustus is closely based on the English translation of the German Faust-Buch (1587)" "Page 139 He turns to ask / Page 140 / Mephistopheles about divine astrology, about the elements, and the spheres of the planets. He still has scholarly instincts, and can hear echoes of the universal harmony, although damned. Awaiting damnation he calls on Christ, and there comes the famous line " See see where Christs bloud streames in the firmament.11"
SEE SEE WHERE CHRISTS BLOUD STREAMES IN THE FIRMAMENT 155 155 58595 3899121 23634 12951451 95 285 699414552 IS 9 IS 9 IS 9 IS 155 155 58595 3899121 23634 12951451 95 285 699414552 SEE SEE WHERE CHRISTS BLOUD STREAMES IN THE FIRMAMENT
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SEPHIROTH 1 SEPHIROTH PHI'S OTHER NAME OTHER PHI'S SEPHIROTH 1 SEPHIROTH
SEPHIROTH 1 SEPHIROTH PHI'S OTHER CIRCLE OTHER PHI'S SEPHIROTH 1 SEPHIROTH
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